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UNITED STATES Patented January 19, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

ZAOHRY T. EURBISH, OE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO NORTH BROTHERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OE PENNSYLVANIA.

RAToHET-TOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 750,183, dated January 19, 1904-..

Application filed March 27, 1903.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ZACHRY T. FURBISH, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain` Improvements in Ratchet-Tools, of which the following is a speciiication.

The main object of my invention is to'construct a cheap and substantial ratchet screwdriver in which pivoted pawls are used.

A further object of the invention is to so Iconstruct the mechanism that the pawls can be readily shifted so that the driver will either,

ratchet to the right or left or remain fixed to the handle. i

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal sectional View of my improved screw-driver. Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. l with the casing and cam in section. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 3, Fig. 2o 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 4 4, Fig. l. Fig. 5 isa transverse section on the line 55, Fig. 1v. Fig. 6 is a perspective view Showing the parts detached, and Fig. 7 is a View showing my invention in connection with a spiral tool.

It will be understood that while my inven: tion is shown in connection with a screwdriver it may be used for any tool in which a ratchet or locking mechanism is required without departing from my invention.-

B is la handle.

D is the body of the tool, having a shank d inserted in the handle, as Shown. This shank may be secured to the handle in any suitable manner.

A is the spindle ofthe screw-driver, in the present instance having ratchet-teeth a cut in its inner end. The spindle is reduced at a', so as to allow for'the vmovement of the rear ends 4o of the pawls, as clearly shown in Fig. l.

- The ratchet teeth may be formed on the spindle, as shown, or formed on a sleeve secured to the spindle, vor a ratchet-wheel may be used in connection with a spirally-grooved spindle. The spindle is held in place by a Serial No. 149,839. (NO'model.)

spindle A and the body D lis a ball c, which takes the thrust of the Spindle. The arrangement of this ball is fully set forth and claimed in an application filed March 25, 1903, Serial No. 149,524,

In the body D are two radial slots ec, in which rest the pawls I I, one opposite the other. The pawls are notched to receive the pivots and each has an arm c' extending beyond the pivot and, in the present instance, an arm extending i'ntoa groove Hin the spindle A. In the body are three annular grooves ffl f2. Secured in the groove f is a segmental piece of wire F, forming the pivot for the pawls I I, Fig. 4, and in the groove f is a segmental spring G, which rests on the outer ends ofl the pawls and forces them into engagement with the teeth of the spindle, `as shown in Fig. 3. The pivot-wire F is of such length as to extend across the radial slots and grip the body portion, as shown in Fig. 4,. and is preferably secured to the body by Solder or other means at f3. The spring G is also of such length as to rest on both pawls and its ends are slightly turned so asto engage each pawl.

The groove f2 in the body D is of such a width and of such a shape as to receive the cam H.v This cam. has beveled ends /z ,/t, vwhich act upon the rear arms z' z' of the pawls I I. The cam has a side extension, and through the side extension is passed a Screw if, which 8O contines the cam to the shell or casing E, mounted on the body A. By confining the casing to the cam the casing is prevented from moving longitudinally on the body, but is free to rotate thereon. Y

The pawls I I, in the present instance, are beveled in opposite directions, so that when one pawl is in engagement with the ratchetteeth and the other clear of the teeth, as shown in Figs. l and 3, the spindle will turn with the handle in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 3; but when the cam is moved so as to throw the upper pawl out and the lower pawl in then the spindle moves with the handle in the opposite direction. When the cam is in the mid-position, then both pawls are held in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, locking the spindle to the handle.

The engaging faces of the pawls are preferably shaped as shown, so as to obtain an eX- tended engagement with the ratchet-teeth; but the shape of the pawls may be Inoditied'without departing from my invention.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a sleeve loose on a spirally-grooved spindle, the sleeve having ratchet-teeth with which the pawl engages. The pawl in this instance is not beveled. This construction may be used in what may be termed a spiral screw-driver, so that where two toothed sleeves are used one can be held wlfile the other is free.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination of a body portion, a spindle, ratchet-teeth, pawls pivoted to the body portion, each pawl having an arm extending beyond the pivot, a spring tending to force the pawls into engagement with the ratchetteeth, and a cam movable in an arc of a circle concentric with the spindle and acting on the arms ot' the pawls to throw them out of engagement with the teeth, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a body portion, a spindle having ratch et-teeth, a slot in the body portion, a pivot-bar crossing the slot, a relatively long pawl mounted in the slot so as to be substantially parallel to the spindle, said pawl being hung on the pivot and having an arm extending beyond the same, means for forcing the pawl into engagement with the ratchet-teeth, and a cam movable in the arc of a circle concentric to the spindle and constructed to force the arm of the pawl toward and from said spindle, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a body portion having two radial slots, a spindle having ratchetteeth, said teeth being within the body portion, a pivot-bar crossing the radial slots and pawls hung on the pivot so as to lie substantially parallel to the spindle, said pawls having each a relatively long arm provided with a beveled portion placed to engage the ratchet-teeth of the spindle, and a double-ended cam placed to move concentrically with the spindle and acting on the rear end of each pawl, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a body portion, a radial slot therein, a spindle mounted in said body portion, ratchet-teeth on the spindle, a pawl pivoted in the radial slot, annular grooves in the body portion, a spring in one groove, a pivot-bar in another groove, and a cam arranged to slide in still another groove and acting upon the rear end of the pawl in opposition to the spring, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a body portion having an opening therein, radial slots extending from said opening, a spindle having ratchetteeth thereon, pawls mounted in the radial slots and arranged to engage the teeth of the spindle, three annular grooves in the body portion, a segmental spring' in one of said grooves engaging both pawls, a segmental wire in another slot acting as a pivot for the pawls, with a cam in the third slot acting on the rear arms of the pawls, and a casing secured to the cam, substantially as described.

6. The combination of a body portion having two radial slots, a segmental pivot extending across the two slots, pawls in the slots and hung on the pivot, and a spindle having' a toothed portion with which the pawls engage, substantially as described.

7. The combination ofa body portion,a spindle having ratchet-teeth, a curved pivot-wire bent so as to grip the body portion, a pawl pivotally held by said wire and placed to engage the teeth on the spindle, said pawl having an arm extending beyond the said pivotwire, with means free to act on said arm and to move the pawl out of engagement with the teeth, with means for holding the pivot-wire to the curved surface of the body portion, substantially as described.

In testimony whereofl I have signed my name to this speciiication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ZACHRY T. FURBISH.

Witnesses:

WILL. A. BARR, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

